 

顷棩byksen 
 

İ 

Ϊϵмһ˵¥ 
ͻȻԼ²ھƺ֮ 
ȴԭǱ񡱵һ 
⡭ֱƽ˳һ裡 
ɶһҪƭ˲ĺڵ꣬ 
˳ҡˣԭ󵨾ļı 
ѵѵƽʱͷ 
û뵽һҹ 
ûѵɹԼģ 
ԭôҲ˳۵Ķͷ 
һԤıõıȴΪһĿʼ 
ƽ˳۵ЦͻȻƨɺĸƨ棬 
ֻ˵۾Ҳúëֱ 
ڼƻʲôѽ 
֮һҪСġСġСģ 
 

һ 


һͼҴߣʵ۲Ÿߵſأ״Ц밮ʲôأôŹƵġ 
ЦôĹңҲʲô£Լ˺ȾƣⶼءҲ֪ô£ЩûڳĥƤӡ 
˵ƲƲ죬ʮֲм 
ʵЦ֪͹үһֱ࿴˳ۣ쳯Ϊ˳͢˰£٩٩̸˺ü£˵СʱҲ 
޺ŹسһصģҲƫ̻ĸʵ۱ЦЦ˻ȥĥʲôȥɡ 
˵Ų·ЦһЦȥˡ 
ʵҲΪ裬İСЦˣСżҲûʲôϵ 
תͷڳϵĹޣʮרעĿŴҴҳŶȥϽֳһ˿Цݡ 
ʵһЦܵ׵ģֵЦǿģлŻЦ˲ 
Ī 
һʵۻ߻ȥ޵ļ磺ŵܣ棬ˡ 
æ̧ͷʵۣζЦּ 
һ߹ͻʵ۳š 


ΣȥĺܣǰЩӣ˸Ķˮ۵ģһ۾Ϳˣƫ⾧軵ˣ˶Ҳǿǿһᣬ˸ӣˣһӻƫƫ˼ݣ÷˵ȥȴǼܻӭģԽζ 
Ҷµ˶£֪˶ǮҪԸԳˡ 
ôϲ 
ӹأˡ 
֮ƺ̣ĶǴٹˣݺݺ࣬绨ҲǳˣһΧˣｿүǽˣôû 
ЦӵұǸôҵ˶ⲻˣ 
ߵܰһϴһ˵ҲΪǼΪ¥ǸСˣǲ֪𣿡 
Цҿġ 
ұߵϦЦǺأ˭֪ʲô˼¥ϱ˺þƵأȥ 
һЦźܰһ¥ 
ҲûȤǵЦˣæ¥ݣֱȥǼ䡣 
ŽȥĶһɫɴƮƮɣԽĳһŽףϰżӾС˲һƣæվһү򰲡 
ЦŵĵطŵĲɫŵġˡ 
һӱǾߴ˹һ磬ûȾѾˡ 
˵ǰȻֶᣬĿʸ߹Ƿ³֣ʱʩչֶǶ˵ʮ֣ȥҲһʮֶ顣 
ҲþƾӿӵȥһǸֻԼĻҲˣ˳㴵Ϩ˵ƻ 
·˲үǸɫȥúӹ 
ˣȻþǡ 
˻ƿֻŵ棬˶Ѿ´ȥˡ 
ӵȣҺ˺ܿصϣһ˫ǰḧš 
ʣֻ˫ǰţɵĴϢţڣҪȥ˵ȴ˳־ȥů̽ǰЩԣȴлӦٶۣټŵĽţȥߣֱҪɽůʪĵطкһǳױǿҵĸоδй˱ƿҧֻø߳ĸо֫ٺӵӳڴھС 
̯ڴϣԭĶһҲĶãио 
ţҪȴоѹ˵ˣһ˵ȴһԣֻϣǻϸţĻȥ̽ɼ䣬ఴţһݵоҪŲӣȴһѹסˣֶԽ죬ڴͼ룬󾪣ʼҲϲзˣʲô赱Ȼףѵˣ 
ֻݲ룬ҪУ͸ղŵķйѾʧ˴󲿷ֳĴҳֻţȴһʧأſƣֶθֽƽֹͣоɼĦžȻмڴƺЩҪ籡ҲڣֻײֱȵĽˣ͵һɵľȻʹֻÿųԴԴѤޱȡϵŤӣԼȵߵĿи߷ȥǰһƬã߷һһֱﵽǰδеĸֱ߳ʧȥʶȥ֮ǰֻ֪ǿеײڼ 





ڶ 


˹Ǽȷɹʮ⣬ṴֻǣŹһ룬ͻȻˣȻ¡ 
Ȼ˸ˣ 
õĶȻڼԺʧ 
æﰲģһҲûС 
Ҳ֮еģȻˣѵҵҪ 
ʱͷѣʼ϶Ǿȵʱ§§϶ŮɣǾ˵úǻỻˣôǴͨ˺ʹļƲı 
ǻ˭أ 
ԺϰҲǲ֪ģʮҲƶ 
ǳУһף˾ܣ治֪ʲô˼ʾҲǵųЦŶ԰ɣ 
ֻǡ飬ֲţ֪˶飿 
һʲȥҧĸ죬ôֻƱ˵ģԹôĿƫƫưͿҪ 
˰죬ֻðȥԼ· 
ŷϸɸɾģµĺۼ޶ȵĨȥˣǸƺĶԴģҲʹЩĶʹѣʮֲ 
ɵķһŰԼʰˣ߳ȥµūȫ¥µţʹ˵ˣԼӳʱ֪鲻ãҷֻСźţһ߻࿴һۣõù 
ΪӵҪĻˣû뵽Ů˾ȻôźŪһͲҪء 
˽ΣȴԸΣǳӳŵЦ˵ȥ 
ңһڣҲҪھٿ󡣡 
 
һŮ˵ӶȻ 
ֻҷ壬ҾʲôҲʣֻô˸ǡ֣ﲻֹ˵ϰ轫Ĺܼҵֵܣ轫ǹүһɵģүҲϲܡԼӺ͹үһֱԣôûĿȥ﹧үˣֻЩأòֻôĪȥ﹧үЩ㣬ֻǿʱı飬һҲ˵ 
һ۾ʮ֪ȤķӣûԸȥֻýȥ 
̧ǵĽη򽲾ƽȣȵģʮ 
ȴֻʮֲҲ˳ҲԾھǣ·ʾһ㡣 
󣬲ܰεĳȥˡԼС 
⽫ԶҲġ 
ʮԼֻû֪ˣԼУǿˡ 





 


粻ֹ 
һվ鷿Ĵǰžڳķ磬԰ԵӣĻ죬ƺûһ֪ô仰ɵĵ͵͵̾ 
˵ү轫 
޵ͷ轫ƫ衣 
Լȥƫ 
󽫾ӢϺȲ裬޽æǧ밲ЦضˣӲ粻ܹʲô 
ӢæҺúõڼԾƿϷģҲ֪ô˸ɷǣԵ޹ʵҲӣ˵ƽûȥʱ˽ڵҲȥ밲ĪľҪҺÿ˼ǰҲһƷ٣Ըʲô˼ǿƽδТүЩȻүҪԸү»Ҫүǡ 
߰˵һѣɺЦƽպôҲ࿴飬˵Ҳ岻ģ˵ˡ 
Ӣµң˵ҪֻҲүæżɢӵȥϲ˸ȥ˵ˣү֪ͷֻׯӣһТĵׯӵһүЦֻ밲ûˡ 
˵Щʲô޶ֻĸģģֲֻɵıһ죬ͻȻǰȵĿϸϸĴϢɫ޳⻬ԼķС 
һͻȻϻ߿Ӣ𡣡 
ʲôү 
Ц轫ǶҪɣ 
ǣ 
룬һүҪһ飿ҶҲóԷ˯ֻ׬Ǯˣ 
⡭ 
Ӣµ˵ûԼүôԵ׬Ǯ飬Ǹ۸ͷˣõģֻүôصĻ˵һʱ֮䲻磬 
ҲԼ˵Ĺ֣ЦҪôţҲۣмׯӣϢģȥһ㡣 
ӢæôңӢΪүҲĸԸģһӰˣׯʵڲ졣 
˵һЦһеǵطæأôУҲ׾ݣ˻֪ô˵ӵأׯ£ֻԹҲźá 
Ӣæ˵Щ蹦̵µĻ˵ģҲôֻ˱˷д˷ߡ 


ˣƣͷҪ鷿ȴĸԸſͷ̽ͷԵģԸӵĶӣСһ泤ģ䣬ֽҪ鶼ġ 
ЦſڿʲôҲûƽʱôСġ 
Ըæͷƽղһү轫һūҲء 
ЦȻЦݣôˣ 
Ըæ˼֣үͰµ˶͵ɽׯȥˣǸԺӸ˳Ѿͷ̾ƵСӷЩˣǺúš 
޵ͷܵҪһ䣬ай¶ҿɾ͹˲***ˡ 
ǣūס 
޵ȥɡ 
Լ鷿 
Ըð亹֣ôʮ꿴֣»ǵһʱ˵ƻѹǶͷ̧ͷ֪ô͸⣬ȫƺ֪һĪҪŽûзʱ֣ 
˵ͨ 
Ըȥֻͣһǳˣ˵ЩʲôŹŹֵֹأǲΪãҪǰӷԸ˲ǡ 





 


ʲô 
޿Ц֪ôһִͷĸоһմԸԸ飬ūž㵵ıԼֻܿЦ 
ƻȷǱ̫Щ 
Ψһľȷ²йȻ 
Ǹֻ»߷ɡ 
֮ǰŻɱ˵ġ 
ɵҡҡͷһ֪ԼôǱĴӻؼġ 
ԭƻõģ糿ԼһֳЦģ߸ϵ̬ƽôôһĺүȻｫٵ 
ʵǸļƻأܹһʱľ̬һʱĿ⣬ǸһӶǵҲʲôˣһἤ졣ʵһбļƻ 
ǡⶨƻʱ뵽˼߷ߵӣ˫Ŀ۾᷺Щʲô֪ô˵˷ܣѪҲƺӿˣͷԷȣ˲ñȰ˵һзҪɡ 
ɵҡҡͷǵһգȴƺǸƻһ㣬ų˯ȥſ״ŵЦ⣬ƽôͣ·һĺӡ 
Ǿʲôˣĵ׽ϧ飬ɵšëϸϸòǲºۼӣֻǣֶ΢΢Ĳ 
ȻĶˣһҹõȻʵھӣϵİܣȨ㳯ҰĹү޾·ʲôҰ׷һӻԼ 
ɫͬ˹һ㣬ֱһֱڲţôҲ򶨲ˡ 
ô 
ȻڷƮҡӣȻֻпЦ 


˳Ĳˣ˳ɣԷƺԹۣһ¾ͰʹˣҲһȥ¶ʱҲ̲סһû˵ô 
æصӵĻūҲù֣˵ôҲȥײľ˵ǣƫƫūŰ¶ʱ˼һЦӭû谭ģ龹˳˳İˣū˽ֹ˰գ֪ͷʲô 
ͷ˰գҲɻֻǲ¶ʲôѵһɣʹð㻹ôҪҪȥˮ 
ŵæͷ 
ЦͷźȥҪȥһ¾ء 
ҼЦģæ˳ȥ 
вɵֹԽźˣϲŭ޳ϲ·޵һ㣬СΪϲ˵űϵ˸ƯСٶȥû˵굹һͣҪǼ飬ֻ¾ʹ򷢵ׯȥˣ治֪ôġֻҪԽСźˡ 
˵ֹȻǲ֪ģֻԼģЩǸһأڳԶڳĺȣȴƱ˸Ƶģ˵ȣüλ˵أŪò֪ĳǿǻҲҴǣȻ¶һֺЦݣƺ֪ЩĪĶһЩҲͰˣĪĶˣҲûһԽְ 
Īǡ 
˸սڰɣ 
ǣĪӣǵطĵ̣ƺǺпء 
οмҶԽ 
ȥ־òԣôͲˣ˵Ķо̧ͷŹ֣һʵڲ˵Ը 
ϲ 
ǸӾ͵ǳԴҩˡ 
ԽԽͿʵֱҲûŪ׵ǸΪʲôðգҲͲܲµԼʲôġ 
ֻСĽΪӪ׻ʲô 





 


ȵ̽ļֵ¶ȣҲ£˫Ҫ֮һȵĺۼŷ 
ů̽ǰȥߣֱҪɽůʪĵطʼ˱ƿҧֻø߳ĸо֫ٺӵȴҲڣȥץֵˣָȥȴʱоѡ 
ǰʲôˣֻһżζĵƻİĳռ䡣 
ҧгݣԶ飬Ϊʲôһһݣÿһ趼ôһαһµǡǹȵ·ԽȼһϯҲ 
ıǣ֮ƣۣƺһ㡣 
еһжˣǸ쵰˺޵ 
ǣô㵽ӵأ 
۾ҧҧȥοԼȫһҹƵķҷϵȵĺȻ˳Ĵﵽ˸߳ 
ΪʲôѵĴ̼ԼǿӲӵôʵڴﵽһִδĸ߷壬ҲܲͨĿУ 
ô䵽ֵزأ 
ڴ۾һᣬۿҲˣɴ 
һ˽ԡ֮ѩ׵Ĵζ·ڲôˡЩջʵ۰˲ɽˣҲɹǲȥ밲˰ɡ 
һӣȴҲ뿴зƣԼЩԽˡ 


緹С˵ǻ־밲 
ֻææĳ˷͹ȥӼȴֹǲɡ 
־æЦ밲ϲ裬Цشôһʲôô 
־æصүƺֲֻ½һøһ³ˣūӲãŲһźү 
üͷǸðģֻ¼䣬ֻ˹үô 
־Ȼʵүĸӹܣ󳼣˵𻰵ĳλǶԼޡ 
æתܶ±͹ˡ 
־æѾ˹үүһغү˵Ҳ⻹ûô 
ף 
Ҳ˺һֱ񣬼Ӳ̤ĺүˡ 
˵ţȻޱ㵽ˣЦ߽ŵɫۣΧ˸ƴӣüӢԽٷ硣 
ֻһˣ˻ԹѾȫûбҪЩˡ 
޲Ϊ裬һЦԼˣܣүﵽһŽ⡣ 
˵ɻ󣬾˵״ʲô⡣ 
̬ܵȳϿңмֹֺõӣĺ«ﵽʲôҩأ 
Ϊᱻѵļ¶ŹˣԼû뵽һЩϸҲԼ뵽ˣȴֲһһΪһ㣬յǸǣ̵Ĺүôأ 
˵ɻ󣬱־Ҳǰ˿ֿ֪ʲô¡ 
Эĸʹѵõ˳ 
Ц¾ˣش˰³̵˰ȥɣʲôдӹǡ 
һͿͣƫƫǹȴֻһװŲס 
Цѵýʶ壬֮͢ҲСˣȥ밲ô 
ô׵ĳ漴ˣֻװЦǰ֪㵽ʱˡ 
ƤûôֻЦǹ±㷹Σ 
޵ȵıôһ䣬ȻӦҲ˵һ䣬ֻһ˵˳ˮˡ 





 


֣һǷôˣһٷ֪ҲܣʼΪԼʲôθء 
ֻǲף⹧ΪʲôҪƨأ 
ЦĶ˵ж˹⻪ʮֵĲѧʲôҲĻƫƫٿĻⶼ˵ʮȤ֪иˡ 
а˼⣬ֲö˵޷ݣȻˡ 
̧ͷٿʶʮ궼ûôˣտֻϸ֮¹Ȼݣ۾Ưʲã˶ݣʱһһ£ָ԰ĵ˵Щĵķ£ַϣԵãתѵõѹӡ 
үԭƷףݺ졢ҦκҲͰˣƷҲϡ棬ֻǱѵã治֪үģȻñ¡һЩĵἰȴûƷأ˺öطҲû֪ʲôӣ 
ɵҲûʲôϡģֻһЩͬˡүУʱүΣ 
޴ϲæлһ㲻ƴǡ 
еڣֻǻѳڣ޷ջˡֻƲƲ졣 
۾鵽аЦǺÿɰļһƽצһһ⼸Ц治ִˡ 
ȻҪ˳ëء 
иԽ˵ⶨάĲӢ䣬۹ֺãƷζѣЩʹжȥˣɫԽԽÿ 
Ц泩ȴΣֻż͵͵ֻۣҶ࿴⾫ɵĺүΪʲôǺã 
ôҲ˳۵˾ˣ޲þȦҲ˿ 


˻԰ӣޱǣĿļȻѾﵽֻ̫µЩãҪת̫»вҪ鷳 
᲻ҲֻøǣȻæͿͣԼתߡ 
ֻվԭأ޶˶˵Ȼ 
ﵹ̲סЦĳӲˣԼЦһȥҲͲϸѿǿԼ˳۵ҲֻǣȲҪߵӣҲء 
̾ôѵһҾ˹ô 
Ҳջˣ֪ô˳ë 
οԼ죬Ȼˡ 
һűͷ϶ණܼҸżСʰأӻæ˰ЦصӣǽؾְᶽŴ񾴣Ŵ˵ʱأ˷òʥ밲ȥģ˵밲ˡ 
һ߰񵥵ȥЦ㲻ģ˱Ǳ߼ʮ̳ӣհõ㣬缦ȣ棬ЩҰǱߵزζȾĺãѵõ100㣬ǸմˮŽͷģζһû䡭ҲԲζء 
»Ҫ˵ˣ񵥶ʰþˣŪԡ 
˵һͻȻϲ¶Цݣҵİȥ򸮰ݼ˵߳Ӳκʣ˵үмõĻӣá 
üĪȴǼ֪Ƣģʣֻô˸֡ 





 


ҵĳӣ 
۾ϵİҲֻüͷƺŵķһ 
ܼæصūҲ֪ô£ֻǹĴܼңүӣūԼغү 
۾תת˵裡 
ܼһæūȥظˣұڴ˾ǡ 
һЦʲôڣȥ˵ҵĻҼҵĳźҵģźˣĵطȥ 
ܼҴûԼôŵӣһæӦ˳ȥ 
ʲô߰ġ 
˵һ䣬ȥ˰ƣϼѵѩ籼㼫ʸУһİ˷ֲݶСдţ⹧޽ݡ 
ûκΣİ 
գ治֪Īʲô˼еʾãߺߣǼ鼴 
ҲãҪʲô˵ء 
νİѰӻϣЦô׾ֵⶨ粻ˣͳͳ˫ַϾǡ 
ʵ⹧ոʢҲˣôԶ̼ö˽ģô£ϻ˵ǻʼǧ˶Ҳʲô֪ͣˣ治еġ 
Щźƽһ˸סˣôá 
ʱС͵ĵҲʵĺ棬ôѵõĻᵹطŹ˵ 
ЦǸˡ 


˴ʱ鷿ӣźСſڵصүݡ 
е£Ц빧ү衣 
Լվһ·˹ȥ 
ϳ˼ѩ׵ˮۣϵɫӣ˸Ө壬ˬԽԵ÷񣬿Ʈݡ 
޾ôˡ 
׺νʩտٰĲ˳ۣñǾһָ̫ԽԽֻһ³ĵ˱ޱȣֻһָܱ 
Цܵأпռٺᡣҵһӿ꣬Ƕʼɡ 
װֻЦźүǲãֻµūЩѵõĶһ˳ҲȤүǰСǲ벻صԹүҪ 
Цﰵ룬ôǹҲ̵ģ֪ڳﻮ飬Ҫæ 
һ˵ֻ²ҰɣǿҼҵĳӣСҲǸ񣬾Ͷүˣôҵ˼ˣ͸үˡ 
æ˵үˣʵǳĳүģԭǴҺôֻҲһ㱡棬ǺүֻҶ̧ͷˡ 
һЦүˣܳѵ㣬ȻҪ߶ˡ 
޴ϲɵЦտ 
ֻйܼԸȥ׼ŵĽӣǰᶽ͵ѩ̳ȥǲżĻҲһ͹ȥ 
æƾͰˣүô˿ 
Ц̳ưˣүôôС쳢˵㣬ҲѵõģҲүԡ 
Ȼ˵ʲô 





ڰ 


˹Ѿǿ췹ʱˣ޾֮ڹۼĻ԰һ֮˱ڻ԰ͷͤš 
δͤˮϣˮ治ߣ˯һɫѩ׵ĻۻƻһƬҶ֮ʮġ 
޵үȻΣɫ 
ȴֻϰƮƮǰֻȫںһҲ˵ 
֪˼ֻţ˹ȻʹУƷζһ 
ᣬȴҲòϴʵǸʵ 
йŮüĺ˲ 
򸮵ĳӹȻһģϵһֱһߵİҤ͸̣ƵʱмΪ룬һݻδϣһѩ׵㣬ɢŽۡȺڻƣǽʳָ󶯡 
Ҳ޶ӱȳһڣݻỬз֬ᣬ㼫ʽۣȻѵõζ 
ЦݻҲ㲻ˡ 
̧ͷҪ˵ʲôȴһĿתĿһͻȻ 
һʱ֮侹֪˵ʲôá 
޼ͻȻ¶һִδ̬֪Լڷæ۾ЦݻǸճɵģΪ˿ݻõģҲʣǹԲٵȻǼõģϧев㡣ݻ˲ζѷ 
ֳһڣѾˡ 
Цݻ߲ժºһ޵ڶźãժʱ䶳ҺΣ֦࣬һձζˣԷǵسԲɡ 
ЦݻҲñ˫Ҫ˵ãǼʵģʵҲء 
ޱãȥ깱ϴ˼̳Ӹ˪֮ʱģҳŻãֻǲ̫ϲ⣬үϲ綼ȥɡ 
Цô˵ȴ֮ˡ 
˵ţѩѾ̺䲻ǼƷҲ㴼Ʊյھˡ 
˳¾ϯȴ΢쾣м˵һֻڸȴΣֻүоˣҪҪһɣ 
ҡͷʱ⿴ǰӣôƺҲôᣬжȣ۷Ҳѵõˡ 
ϧԹ 
޲֪룬ֻЩˣæѾڣЩҪǻȥȻȴҲֻظ 
Լͤţһʱ 
ǲѹģۼ˾ڸǰȴʲôҲ˵֪ǵΪУԼЩҪ׽бֻлɡ 
ˣȥɣȻ֪ϣãԼʲôθġ 
޲Էˡ 


ͤһпձܣƤôҲҪĥЩʱ䣬뷽跨뵽Լϣԡ 
ʼͿۼʱ䳤ˣֻͼ׽춯Խͷüλ˵ˣֻûֱ㵽ʲôıȴװЦƢãڹ˽ƢĻᶼûС 
ʵҲòˣճʣץʲôѱεôģ 
ĳԼĪأֻ˵ϣ빧ǻϵĳӣȻҪЭϡ 
ʵЦҡҡͷǰǾͲ޵ĳôۣʵʵ˵á 
ҪĲ֪ˣͻʵۻҳ˰죬ʵ۲˵˵ˣԼҲæأùǡ 
˵ЦŻعȥˡ 
ڴվ˰죬ųȥ 





ھ 


ճŻûϽӣ޲֪Цûʲô°գһ֮漣һȥ 
ͻȻ֮ᷳף¹ٹ·æүӹţүذա 
˵Ҳ˵ԼϽӣﳤȥ 
޴ԭأ췽һԲԼĽӻȥˡ 
еһһ㣬˵뷨ԭΪ춯һֱûУֻһζ׽Ī 
Ȼһһʮ飬˷ΣȺ飬ʶ㣬͵ƢҲһЦĴӲʱĹʧӰƵģڵ˵·˸ˣֱ紺棬ʯĳҲ֮ġ 
ֻǡ 
̫ĪЩԽԽ÷ƣΪʲô 
Ҫõʲô 
ЦõʲôͻԭǸ 
ԼѾϰޣһֱǸ 
Լôأ 
ֻ÷·亹ЩԼԼĶ֮æǿӲѹȥ 
벻롭 
˱ۣӲͷ׿ 
ŵнֳһף̾૵δ룬žͺˣһ֪ġ 
һǸ˲ɵбһʹȻԺ 
зѹֻýܿԼˡ 


޴ʱȴ˵үѾ˯ˣɵļ֣ϰߣûô˯µġ 
Ҳֻøǣû߳ͻȻһͷԼȥţԼѰүˣĵĴǽתȥԷſڡ 
˯Ҫźģ޴󷽷߽ȥȻû˷ 
վĴǰǱȾգĺܽŵľƵķҷ·𡭡һҹ㣬һĵ˶һžƵķҷһʴġ 
Ҳ̲סֽӵ 
һҹȵļ飬һҹȵĺ 
һжϤʵģ·ַա 
ڽϷ 
ǰǳ 
ҹˣ齥عƽ 
޿˶ɫ̺죬ƽ׵Գвɵİ磬ͷգ΢΢Ц 
ҪſˣνһҪҪһ̹ҲҪӵֱ 
Ļһ̹ɣ 
Щ룬ʱеǹ˱ֻһƵЦݡ 
ҹɫǽӵ˯⣬ޣһֱ˯ˣаϧ㲻ɴչȥǣἫᣬĺΡ 
ԭһ˱۵ļ 
֪ʱģǰ¾Ȼǵ⣬ǰʱʱעһеĴ󲿷۹ⶼû˱Լ˽ˣԣûܱԼ 
ǰֻǶڵĳɳԼ˵ŲɣֱһյĲͻȼ˺£ھ 
ԭѾ 
ԭ龹ǲ֪ѳɲ 
ԭ׷۹⾹ޡ 
ԭôô࡭ 
Żиʱ䣬Ȼ֮Ѿ˺蹵ǱϾʱ䡭 
ĵжЦ 





ʮ 


еĶüͷҲƺҪץסʲô 
æץסһḧıͼ 
Լ˰ɡ 
˵ŰĻȻܿһֽץֱֻۣüͷǽš 
ްüģץסƺģֻԴʵ˵Ҫߡ 
ء 
ҪЦַЦݣδ롭 
һжˡ 
δչϣ͵͵ֶˡ 
ٵı䣬һ綳ᣬĶǱĿ 
괺ů֮һӣһ˫Ŀ͸ܿ͸˵һ鶯 
ԭ֮Զֹһ蹵 
Ų壬ץֱ۵СİӻﱧڴϣϣĶһ£סˣַĵ˯˹ȥ 
СĵĸҴñǣĸأȻԼû֪ 
ɵЦˡ 
ЦԶ֪ľͱ 


һѹͿʼ 
ֻǺδ²ѣҲôڵֻܿ˵١һֱЩġ 
ԡ 
ڿˡ 
ǿӲӵʵļ˭ 
УôںڰС 
һжˣһжˮ档 
ǸͻȻתΪʲôʲôø߸תΪ 
ЩӼеʾã¹΢ЦĿա 
ҵ˸ԴеļԼԼĻҲ޷ԼƭԼˣһж˵ˡ 
ǡ 
ȴǸãˡ 
ףΪʲôȥƾܵ־Ȼ֪ʱѾӵסΪʲôǸǿӲӵʱȻһ˿ 
һҹ̫ʣȴǣڸô죿 
µװ֪ 
Ǻ˵ף 
Ц̫ˣˮݵˣȴеĽӴ 
δ⣬ſھС˵أӣˣүء 
Ӧ˽ź 


鷿ѵˣޣλ༰󳼶Ѿˣ۾˿ޣֻǹ¹£ֱʱꡣ 
˹ţۿϽҪߣ֪ôһ嶯ɵү 
һ˷½ӣүк´ͽ̣ 
ȫЩӵºͿףһʱ֮˵ 
ҲĬĬԡ 
죬ڵүҪ£ɷһ𣿡 
о𣬽ͻȻеʱ֪ˣ 
չȥƺЩ꣬һ̾ˣ߶źүˡ 
˺үȴʲôҲ˵ֻͻȾƣֻɫأף֪ʮȻ 
ȵҲ̲ȥǣʣЦôȥɫء 
ޱͷȥүЪϢˣٺȾҪˡ 
Ц˲źô㲻ǰͲҺ𣿡 
͵תͷҧ 
վյǰҪϣΪҹҾͲ֪𣿡 





ʮһ 


һӾйΣԼĴ 
ȴϷŹүȻʲôӶУĳǸʰ·磬үô˲ɣ̫Կ 
̧۾ͻȻЦˣүҪʲô 
иǻȴǺǰ΢΢Ľյ˫֣֪нı 
Ц٬µ򢣺һֱ룬ү˿㣬ء 
Ļ˵Ҳ֪ġ 
Ƕη壬ƵĿ 
޵ЦүȻô˵ˣҲƴǣô 
ЦүôżأǾɣҲûʲôá 
һתͷԸˣǶȥʮ֮ڲˡ 
Ц£ޡ 
һĬĬվţ֪Щʲô 
ȴҲżƺѿ 
ãڶˣͷʼ·ȴȶ 
һᶨֱһ˿ҡ 
۾Ͽִ¿ϣЦүȻһĳܣ 
޵Ȼ΢Цүˡ 
߹ȥţ·ƽա 
ߵˣȻĿϣ˳ƿȥסĲӣǧٴһ㣬ߴ˿ЦүȻϲǻʲô 
岻ɵĽӲ 
޿һЦһһ߾ȥЦģʮֵֻһȴӿ˲ʱȫ 
ˣʱ§ס⻬ȴϻȥһںѾӲĲһҹһ 
кһըһܡ 
ִ³ץסͷĳ̼ƺ˼£ɴ೶ͷӵһɨϻŵľƲˣȥδӦֻһִӺѹĲӣһַԼһļӲӺĲ˽ȥ 
ʼʱĲ˳ɬϣ漴Ѫ˽ϣ˳µİ¿ԴԴֱǾܡ 
ʲôҲ벻ˣֹֻ޵ҵײţĿСֱдﵽ߷ͷһҧǰѩ׵ıϣ˷ϸŸ߳ѣθо 
ԭүζȻġ 
޺޵룬ֲҪԼ⡣ 
 
Լ·ʱǸǷһƺȥˣ 
æȥ쿴Ȼǻȥˡ 
ƺղǺһ㡣 
촽ԼҧˣץصָҲѪǻȥҲץء 
ȥ⿪ָհ⿪ҪȴѾˣһ˫۾ɵЩŵĿڣ㻹ðѣ 
޳Ŭվǳ˳һǿЦãأ 
󾽣֪δ 
߹ȥ·Ϊٻæȥ̾վôգһˡ 
һ仰Ҳ˵ֻܿ߳ȥ 





ʮ 


ڽżֱܼ尾ƫƫ⾩ǵĽһɽƽȣߵǼģǹֱ絽һš 
ҧҧһ 
û뵽ôĺСֿܹ 
Ҫ̲ȥˡ 
޿ЦҲԼãҪǲӣֻҲô嶯ǡ 
ǣƫƫһҲڣôܲȫռϷ硣 
޺ݺݵ룬ôһΣʹһʲôϵ 
ҡ 
ƮƮľ͹һΣܸˡ·ʹѾˣҪõּϵʹſϸİ 
ҡҡͷԼʱôŰأ 
ض룬ʵʮģȻΪǸˣΪû顣 
ڣڹˡʲôҲõˣЦᡢʹࡢϲá顢ߵҹ˼ա 
еһУڵľʹˣҲʲô 
ԣµľõͷˡ 
һʱ䣬Ļ䣬ʲôҲԸȥˡ 


ֻǣøõͷˣȴôá 
һʮĵɢҪؼңȴ˼һ¡ 
ʮ־죬תͷһȻЦ 
үʲô𣿡 
׽¶ǵĶ޵̬ʮԶ 
ЦѵôүŻȥôȥĺþƣ 
һüѵúү£ֻһˡ 
תҪߣϷţЦ棺үæֻϻҼأүǰûˣ 
ֻĪΧǼЩ죬ֻǳȨ֮˸ǰˡ㶼ͷ߿ 
һתܵİȥֻ˵Ļȴǣһξ͹ҿɼǵΰү~~~ʮ 
ˣֱԱҧȥ 
̣ڻû 
ۼȴŲ˵˵ĵ⣬ֻǵƫƫ˼ҧгݣֻֻ˵ȥˣԼû 
ߣŲϷˣүĲô 
˵ҿʮүġ 
գգ۾¶һܵЦݣѹ壡 
͵һתͷȥĶųһ֣ã 
һЦſ֣ԼĽӣ̽ͷЦǾ͹үˡ 
ҲΡ 
˵ĳ⣬õ֮ɢˣ泩֮ԭ˲ڽµĸоǺܳء 
ţҲŪ̫źá 
Ͼ޶ʮء 
ҡ 





ʮ 


ϣ޹ȻԼۡƻԻͣſһȺѾͷСˣܼ뱣Լӵſڹţһүİ˴εſڣæſ˰ЦصүǺүںͷϼүء 
Ҳ½ӣһߴһƱӹȥЦ·ɡ 
һ߾̧˽ӽȥ뱣һ߷Žһ߼£үֻҲǵһȥϼأǵطƽǺүԼõģǾƯĵطūԼԼūô˵ĸۡûôƯĵط 
ЦСӿڳݵȻҪúÿ 
뱣Цǣү֪طƽ˭Ҳȥģӽа򿪣ᶫȥһأԭүҪֲôȡ 
ֻЦӭ 
뱣һ£⼸ոӺͷĽĺأӲһƬ۾ 
˵Ѿϼ˽Σ̧ͷȥҲɵĵͷ޵ȻǼµĵط 
ԶԶĿŽӹҲӭӣڴڿ 
޽ƺһһ°׶Ľۣһȸʽ磬Խĵһ˫۾貣˵ķΡ 
´һﰵͷ˹Ȼʣ 
޼һ˫۾ֻԼţҲͲ˵󷽷 
ðЦүþˣǹ̫æ˰ɣ 
ĶŵЦһЩС°ˣôҲúүõȡ 
ֱȥ֣үطô 
ʮůҲţֻ˵ָЦ˾µĵطȻǺõģүƷζȻһ 
£ں˾ʽһŮ졣 
ŷſ֡ 
ЦүûȾѾء 
Ŷ 
Щס 
޼˵ôƯĵطүܲ 
ýЩ֣ЦرᣬرƽͣǾ貵ȴƺЩ׵Ķ 
˺ܾ֪ǰ˺; 
ֻǵʱ˵˷ܣƽôŶˣôһӣԼãѪҺˡ 
ɵһµޣʹҵ顭ѩ޳ľʱҪҧһڡ 
һЩ˷ܵתȴѾ˹ 
һƵݵĴߣЦ˼ֹȣЦү˱㵱ҵˡ 
ѩ׵ĲӾڸǰһջ 
סˣȻƺȥ 
ɫʵҵĴүܾˡ 
һʵñŭһҹµĴ󲿷ǱϷŪĲʺѿһ־Ȼϳϵ泩ĸо 
ʼٸǰȻôϡ 
һȥ§ס޵µǰЦţˣүҲǲͺˣӴԺȻûǼ鷢 
һߵͷȥԸԳҧѩ׻Ĳϡ 
һͷȥһĻߡ 





ʮ 


ظĻûû 
Цүģһõˡ 
ȥүϴ̫çײˣǲһúò 
΢ţȵȣү˵һ䡣 
ŵϣͷЦүʲôҪ˵ 
ɫЩףҧҧʵĿԾʹˣ 
Цүģ֮Ҿȥү 
Ե̾˿ţ֪ˡ 
Щ̲סʱһס˹ȥȻһ̣סĲӣȥ 
ʵ̫ˡ 
Щ裬̫ˣ˰ɡ 
ҲʼƺһܷѾһףô£ 
ǰʮ׵ɫָЦôºͣ˵һֱƽͲǰɣ 
𾪣ĿЦûһ˿仯ȴѾ仯Ϊصľֲ̡ 
ǱǸƣǸ飬ϧĸףԾô͵͵ҲԸģҪһҲһ죬һҲҡ 
Ȼԭŭһ仰ȴǻԨʹ;һ˵ģֻԼҲסʹֽӵ 
ȴֽһҲܶ 
ţֻʳ֣Ϊʲô 
ЦЦһȴΪϲ㣬Ұ㣡 
ֻԼԼĶȫΣԭԭЩЩֵĸо 
ܾЩͬЩ֣ȴûȥӦ˵ǲң 
ԣǲңôôأôһɫεʹУҲ޷ôȥ 
ԣ˿˵Ϊˡ 
һʱ֮ԿɶԣֻôֱֱĿ 
ذԾ۾Ǳȿ޸ϧЦݣֻԼôҲû취ĵʹţһʱˡ 
ڷѹϣƺʱԼĴֽʣҩ 
ЦţɫζģѵŪģҩЧɢ˶һӰҲС 
Զԣ˰գ˵㲻ԸⲻҲͰˣΪʲôҪôң 
ްĲϸϸҧţһ΢ĴʹͿо˲˷ӦֻǻʲôʾȴһĶһģ˵ֻҪǷծǷԽԽá 
漴Ŀ񱩵ļϯǼȼ֮ǰֻüģģһͷġ 





ʮ 


޴û뵽ԼҲôˣҩּҲˣԼҲ֪α飬֪Ǹÿ޻ǸЦˡ 
ǰѵ˵ʱô˼Ҳ㣬㲻ʲôҲǰģ˼㣬Σ˼ῴһۣαôѿҲˣЩſ˲ǺõģҾͲţû˲ɣ 
Ǹʱ˵öɣ֪˵žͷţֻҪһ뵽ԶֻȴӵֻԶԶĿţбһʹʲôҲ˲ãѿҲץסϷſ 
ˣֻηŲ£ֻץס㲻ȥãȴҲϣԼһϯ֮أǺ⡭Ҳڡ 
ǳ˰ 
޿ŴõȴһƬֻ࣬ᣬֻǴԣİǵ˻ȥٿҲԼѡģԲܶôʹҲֻĬĬĳˡ 
̾תͷԸˣˣɸȥ򸮿˵ҵĻ˵ҰϺүүвУġͲ˵ˡ 
ЩĪûȥ˼ææֻӷʲôֻôӦȥˡ 
˰죬ޣӣæŸװ˵ǻɺүΪղҪԶء 
üԶţȥ 
ЦصūŲ֪Ǽ˺үү˵ˣһ˵˵ 
˵˰Ҳû˵ 
޲ͷˣ˵ʲô˵ôµʲôӣ֪ʲôûҲ 
ǣæү˵ʱҪүϢȥġ 
һЦæ֣ȥɣ֪ˡ 
ĸأǲϷģԼΪ֪һ㣬ԸԼȥǷ 
˵ôȴƫƫѡʱţȻҲµġ 


ް̾Ϣ΢Цҡҡͷֳ˰飬¿ 
Ϊߵѹ¶ķ࣬У£Ȩ󳼻ڽЩôˣڣԲһȻֻྫǱ˰ɣˣħǡ 
ӿͷǣֳ鷿ˣ뾹¶棬ˣҲЩ겻ᣬϵЦݾзë޲ɸ̾Լ࣬ô̯˸ôʵۡ 
Լ鷿̾ȴſиʵЦүôˣô̾ģߵǻӢ˲ģô겻ģˣ 
޴ϲæתЦȻðģһ 
һϸϸɫ񣬷񣬾ǰЩЦΪȥȻҪԿ࣬ûԽˣûۡ 
ȻһЦѵûһξææĸϹ㣬ֻ˵Щ˵Ļô㶼ôôǲѧأ 
ﻥ٩ڿ࣬ȴʮֻϲ̲סӵһ¡ 
æ£ֽˣȥˣ 
æʵģг緹 
ȻЦղŵأһͽ˽ӹɲܿҡ 
æЦźأٶٻ 
˵ô˵ȴһԸԸЩµĲ嵭Щϵֳɵĵģȥ 
ȻЦ 





ʮ 


Ȼȳس֮ӣ޴СһЦֳģΪĪ棬ֻԣԸܸڳֻ͢ɽˮŪ£Ǹ֣Ϊ˼󷽣ﱾлǮɢύѣʱڵʱ򻹹ϷȥϹˣԽһ귽Żһˡ 
޲ǲĽġ 
ֻαȵ˼ңݲͬԼ顣 
ңûܷʲôҲܲˣԣĽѡ 
Ȼȿڲ裬üͷ㻹үȨƣֲҲȣûЦ˼ҵĴ 
֪ƢֻЦиȾͲˣûɨȥأ㻹ң޹ģҺŻãȲߣ 
Ȼ²裺Ҳ̫ѺȣǿɡҴۻһڲ֪ĸء 
ЦǶһŲﲻ͸Ūô࣬ϳʲô 
ȻЦҹأҲԲԱϵҲͰˣζҲˡ 
ҡͷЦ 
Ȼһˡ 
ޣɫµĵмӣС⽣ֻкҰСҰĥɷ۵ģɫŨļױȡ 
ȻЦҵĳӹȻˡ 
޵һЦҲϲÿԷǻھƲ˵ʱһСٳԷЩе磬㣬΢΢Цš 
ûɵʹ 
Ҫڵ̾һüɵ塣 
ȻۣЦôˣɫãʲô²ɣ 
ЦһЦʲôֵһ᣿ʲôѵõô 
ȻһЦˣһôĸôˣ 
һᣬ˵ЩлȻ⽭ֵĴºͷ£˲ɵӵء 
ͻȻһ飬ʵͷôãĶϵðɣ 
ȻЦ㲻ϵҲ֪ܶأôʲôҪģ 
룬ʳ˿ڣһλδ룬ʶ 
ȻĿһ´˰գĿ⼫޻ڣôģ 
ȻЦеְˣҲҪ 
üǲʵôҲˣ֪ǲ֪أ 
ȻЦôһҵֻһ棬ˣʮ־ʣֺãֱɷֻϧ 
æ׷ʣϧʲô 
ϧӢţˡ 
 
޴һˣֲҪסʱô̼ԭ˾ˡ 
ǣϧ֮вɸһģοôʵǸռĵˣԭ˰ 
ԭô˾ѾˣǾûʲôϵ˰ɣ 
޻һ˶ݲ¡ 
ֻ̲סĺڣ֪ˣôһЩοѹǺ÷ӣˡ 
룬缸֪㲻㿪˵ʲôҲҪߵġ 
ģʱһʱģʲôѹ벻ˣֻüϣֻҪЩͶЩЩЦһת 
ݽչЦ۽üң紺һ 





ʮ 


ȻһһߣҲסҲ֪æЩʲô 
ȻЦôô᲻ˣҲԶˣмҪģȻġ 
㵽æʲôջҲ֪ʲôæġ 
ȻֻЦڰֱȥˡ 
Ҳֻе㲻ԣһǾò˻Լʮ֮ףԸ 
ԭǹū˼ϸܣԴСδǲѰ£ֻǸ޳룬ʮֵ 
޼޳Ӣͦݸ㣬жӢ¶Ҳ͡м齻СүؾˣȥĸЩʲôҡ 
ƺЩԾδһ֣ȥ 
ԼҲ֪ΪʲôҪȥֻǴδȻôӣֱòԶѡ 
ĬȻգ̾ȥæȥˡ 


սĻرζδ⻳Լ̫࣬װײġ 
ۿڣʵɢѹææȻѵõȥʧһЦ 
ȻҲʲô˲õ顣 
ֻǰˡ 
û뵽յһ磬һὣҪʼ緹ͷүСүҪ 
һЩֲûȻô⸱أ 
üȻ 
һЦү治֪үôһؾɽˮҪ㱨ôˣβ˵Լÿүˣα˷˸ң 
֪·ȴǲֻȻܻȻס˿ڷЦ˵ʲôͶһԭΪཻҲ20ˣ㾹Ųô 
һ仰˵Ȼʲôںˡ 
һ˵û˲ʹ㻹ʲôҵģ 
аЦʮֳϿҵ˵Ȼ⻰ҿɲˣԭǹүȴûʹֱֵЩңԿɸ˰иţȫԭ˼ȴû뵽㵹룬ԭѾѣǲǣ 
Ȼӣ޵Ķ֣޴С͢粻֪һ飬Ȼ˵ĺŰ죬˵ֲңôġ 
̾鷳ǲȲѲû㾹ôңհհգҲˣʲˡ 
Ȼææ˵ҲǸ˼ֻΪ֪ˡ 
ͻȻԼ˵©죬Ȼæ죬ʮΡ 
֪ԭһȷлһЦһҲϡЩĻҲܣˣ 
Ȼæģޣ²Ҳ˵ʵǡʵҲòš 
޲ֻĿ 
Ȼ̾һ᣺ðɣ˵ǣòŵġ 
ü˵ 
Ȼ֮ʮ壬ͯÿʮһεķ֮գһǵõͯµĽܡܡ 
ȻɫԽˣ˵ȥ 
һЦٵ绨죬۶ 
ȻһڣҾ֪㲻ţԸɴ಻㣬ȻҲûϵģǸҪԵɲС 
סЦҡҡ֣ȥҰգҿû裬 
ްϵٴµϴһЦļСǵСүأͶ·ƫˡ 
һЦ 
ЦȻ־գޣ겻ԽˣôûɷʰأҲһ죬Цɡ 




ʮ 


Цˣ˵ԼգһӵأĵּȻỹһˣôһᣬˡ 
һ˵һ緹ɣܻӣԼҲûԡԵ࣬øλô 
٩Ȼ޻˵ 
ææĺ࣬Щľͣסˣ˵ҪȻһԼˡ 
û뵽պİ۵İӹȻȹϵתתȥŲɵЦտޣˡ 
ȣթ 
æ۵ĲУҪȥ衣 
Ȼûߣѵ̽ȷϢǼЩãǿȥѡǺҲŽȥأҿɲǡ 
޵ 
ЦԷǣܣǹ˵ģ˵˸ݣҪ㲻ˡ 
 
ȻӣǷԵ˼ˡ 
Ͳ֪ʲôѲŪһȻҲ˷ˡ 
뵽ԼǸѲֻ̾ 
ԼñȻá 


Ȼ˲֪ã˹ͷΣͣ 
˽ӣһĻĽҰ⣿ưܲʲôͯҪҲҸõطʲô 
ֻǣתͷȥȴһ 
һ֦޴ѩ׵δţǻҲа˸ߣǴ׳ĻȻǴӲĵֱӳģһƬҶҲޡ 
澰һʱ˵ 
Ȼ⣺Ȼ۽ɣ 
޳һ£ǰȥǻûѾȻһסҪͻ顣 
һۣôСô 
ˣֻ 
ĬĬĵһᣬҲ˸˵ֻһĬĬĵţʵڲͷֻǼǻ澰ŰɣƢȡ 
գȻʼˣԼžžչ澹Ȼһѩ׷۵Сޡ 
ŵĵһ 
С޲塢СĶǶԵѩ׷ۣһ˫ԲĴ۾վΧ˰ſһ顣 
Ȼ󡭡 
Ц 
Ц¶СѣɰҪһѡ 
ֵһ 
СЦһᣬ֣Χ˷߸ߵ͵͵ʧ̾Ϣ֮ 
ԥվԭز 
Ȼһѣߵ˾޴֮ǰ 
ʱǿȻģʺۣѩ׾ӨǸ޺Ҳģཷ۵ģЦʮֿɰ 
ҶǵŹ֣Ȼ̲סҪһ¡ 
޿һᣬֺСֵݸһԲԲĶмиСף·ʵأȴƺЩůůġ 
ޱ鳹״͡ 
С޿ڣ˵ȴһԵĥδˣ㽫ţܻһ 
ֻǰѾʯ 





ʮ 


޺죬˵ 
ʵ໰ҪСӣСӰɡ 
СҲ˵ֻ۾·붨һ㲻ˣڶȻֱ 
޴ԭء 
ôҲû뵽Ϊ־羹Ȼģſھ͵֡ 
β𾪣Ϊֻ˲֪飬ľԶҲ֪ģȴضŹֵĺһƣ˵ס 
ǡһԵĥδˡʲô˼ 
δ֪Ŀ־ϮУûԼִľصĺΪ˵ֻԼȴҲΣա 
ɫְף࣬˷·𶳽һ 
ΧѾɢֻȻߵߣһġ 
һתͷδӦǴ͵ĺܡ 
ȻЦʼеƣ˺ֻûڵϴˡ 
ϹҲסҧҧתߡ 
Ȼæס·°ڣԼڵϣЦߡȡһ¡ 
޼¶ʮַˣﻹôЦ߳ŭһű߹ȥЦԼߡ 
ȻЦʹȴʮɵڿһһţתߣæ׷ȥѽôСЦһЦЦҾͲЦô 
޳ΣҲȥˣҲЦˣȻǺܺЦ 
ҪЦɫѿֻסǿ֮Ťֱһ㡣 
ǣƬ̣ǽҧݣӣƺżʹһ㣬յľţȻɵͣסЦݣе޴ 
һᣬ㷴Ӧ޵ıޣôˣ 
ǲҲ 
Ȼŵʣѵѵģǡ 
̫˼ˣԶ࿴˳۵ˣô־ʵšǡʹ࣬ϲǼٵġ 
Զô߰ĸ߹ĹүԶ߸ϣӲʾĹүཻ20꣬һοʧ̬һڱǰ˲ܿԼ 
ˣ˵Ե 
ã̧ͷɫףȻαϣͷ 
ȻסǿһЦݣҲ㣬ֻǡԵѡ 
һԵĥδˡ 
˵Ŀɬ˵Ŀֻţʧ̬ 
ˣӲУںǡ 
޲ȥֻ亹¡ 
ԼʲôˣܣˣǺǺǧҲǲܽѵġ 
ȻعοԵȴһ÷Ĳǡ 
Ȼͷ 
Ȼ˵ʵԵûʲôģˣûиĸãǲصģҲû˸ǡ 
̧ͷԵֻ𣿡 
Ȼе죺Ϊʲô 
˰죬ֱϡ 
Ȼ΢Ц֪ˣضˣǲǣȻΪԩİɣǸ˼ǳԵģ 
Ȼ̾Ǿ仰Ҫעǣĥδ˰ 
޵Ѿƽһ£㵽֪µģ֮¡ 
ȻЦй©ȻѾˣͲعԴˣҪ˽ĥѲС 
ޱձۣǣ֪ 





ڶʮ 


źü죬޳նڼȲҲͣʥּҲƲȥҲûʲôֻ鷿Ŵõÿֱҹ 
ʳʣ˯칦ݵʮˣ·һ 
ȻҴҸʱһޣ⼸ʲôôģˣ 
̧ͷһۣȻնݽȥˣ۾ȴȻʮԶҲģΣ۾籦ʯ峺 
޵ƺҲûʲôٶһһǸ߹󷽣һ 
£˲裬˵ôˣ 
ȻЦΪˡҲżصظȥˣŸϻء 
΢΢һЦˣѾҵİ취 
Цݣ˵Ȼᡣ 
ȻȴɵĴ˸սȻ̧ͷϸޡ 
ϵЦ罩һ̲кڳ˵˷·⼸̥ǣָоͷ·󳹴һ㣬ʲôˣԼӵģԼҪģԼԸΪ˸ĶˣҲûСֵӵĶˡ 
ƮƮģȴ֪ʧʲô 
ȻҲ͸ˣ̾ǽĿˣôصĸ飬治֪ܲܳܵ˰ 
һʱҲ˵ֻипϲɸֵɫ 
ҲȻǱ飬ȴ΢Ц 
΢ЦΣ 
ôȶصĸ鶼ܷģʲôأ 
ΪĮ͵ӶΪ٬ĸ̬ʹĪһʱ˺ϲʳѰΪ֪˶Ѫ 
Ϊԭôʹָ࣬鲻ҪҲա 
ǡҪʱ򣬲֪ԭʹİҲ۵ģԭʩʹҲϳһӡ 
˽죬ֻ֪зľǱ࣬ףΪʲôڰ˵ĻҲϹ 
־̫صԶֱ 
۾ʹȴᣬֻѪ 
ű˵ϢȻеסˣڵŲһ壬ʣ㵽ôģ 
޵˵ûԵȻͲĥˣҲͲʲô˰ɡ 
Ȼæ˵ҿʼҲôģǡ 
һʵʲô 
ǲ 
۾Ϊʲô 
Ȼһ˵ԵּȽᣬжǿ£ԥ 
һͷˮҶȻŽͣ˵Ȼͯô˵ǾѶͯӿϸ㶫Ȼģ¡ 
ޱձۣصĺһ 
оǳĳһһԭ÷ˡ 
ΣѾϲѶֱҪȸԾˡ 
ô絶룬˿һ˱縴һ˹ʡ 
ֻǣɵĿЦܼʹ࣬꣬˰ۿɫȻôˣ֪ʱùү䵽ⲽˣ֪౯Ц 
ֻ֪ǾĻˡ 
ǲΣ޴ʱĻŭš 





ڶʮһ 


ˣʰһĵ 
Ѵӻ֪ȥǣȴ֪Ĺڡ 
ʵ۱Ҳֻ֪е˵ֲǲִ֪ˣûʱȻҪʲô 
ЦЦܲʵڷæͲܷЩȥǻϿ϶ದЩʱǲˣҵϾһҲô 
ʵۿЦѵ˵㼸䣬㵹ôһңհհգˣҲܣֻǧǵ÷ִ磬ֵЦ²źá 
æЦּŰѻȥΪЩſԹЩµĶߵˣɸӡ 
Ҳ֪ôӣ޾ˮһ㣬ȴǹȻʵÿģüͷƽףһɲĿζȴʧӰΣʱƺ˾󾲾վţɵ͵תͷȥȴǰĿ⴩Ҷصĵӣȵıš 


ڵȵһ޾ԾЩҲûԷ鷿С˯Ƭ̣ȴҲûô˯ţֻУΰѼһЩ޻пٵԾš 
ֱԸͷĽţӣӡ 
˹ټ䣬ԸѾӣؾˡ 
һнв֪ʲôڷڣֻ˵˾䣺֪ˡ 
ǻˡ 
ã΢Ц 
ڻˡ 
𾪵Ӱأ޲ϢˣҲûˣʵҲƽһˣǣƫƫǲһˡ 
Ų࣬࣬üͷչ۵һ˿ϲã䵭ļױԹȥȴǻʵġ 
ŹЧҲôˣֻǣżԾķ׻Ǽ˲ٶȡ 
µ䲻֪ԼʲôˣЩźôЩ꣬εȾԣ֪ӽã˵Ҳ͸ԴЩ 
ҲգЦһЩūţԽûˣһƤǵġ 
һЦţһˡ 
ֻǣţȴȥ 
˸Զ·ȻǼƣģƽû»أӹȥ֪ôأԣɹȥˣȴû 
絹ǸŽȥͷŻŵģѹˣϺùȥ 
ôûҲ֪ôˡ 
ǲԼģ޿ŽȺЦ 
ôһͷȵ¶Լôгȥĥ 
ʵʱҲԻòȥˣƫƫһϾ̲סҪȥۣʱûأֻǿǸ˵Ӱӣʲôˣɶ˻һȥˡ 
治֪εˡ 
ֻҪܵꡣ 
һʱǵ˹Уֱ̧˽ȥ½Ρ 
޵ͷҶĳȣתݽǣڻʵټӶʮľĵط 
鷿ⱨʵ۵ɡ 
ȥҪȴ̨²ŵˣ񣬴ԭء 





ڶʮ 


תͷһۣûʲôľתȥˡ 
ҲֻԴ˴ʱظĸʵ˰תүŻôˡ 
ǷǷүǡ 
۾ƽ޲ 
޾е㲻һˣϸһȴһģǸ忡վֹ޶¡ 
֪ΪΣֻһ˿ϸ˿ߵĲЩ˼㱣֮޳ȴһ 
ͷ߳ţԼ˵ﲻأ 
ûȷĲֻǵģȴǲݺӣȥȷ֪ΪղһۣƫƫôҲ벻ʲôԣǳԻ 
߳ţ̧ͷȴǰߴվһįӰ 
˱ǾվţȴһתԼĽˡ 
ڻȻ 
ԭΪһοôįôƽ޲ôƣĵ飬δϳֹ 
ɷģʲôʱԶԵϲŭʱЩʱͷʱԵӶ񡭡 
ǲΣģǻġ 
ڣ۾ƽ޲ 
ΪʲôƣΪʲô˵ͳ 
˼Ŀȥķã̾Ըȥ򸮡 


򸮵൱Ļݱߴľʮֵġ 
޸սţ븮Ĺܼұӭ˰ЦүǺүŻأںͷϼһţַԸ׼˴š 
޴ʮƱ˦ЦҲô 
ūЦü۲һ˵ү˵ﻰ˲УүôūʮҲҵүļءūŸү· 
ˣϵ·Լȥǡ 
˵ţߡ 
һ·Ҵҵߣƺ۵Ļ·߲ͷ 
ߵϼ޲ɶסŲ 
һ⾲ıվţһ£΢Խįˡ 
ѣ治֪ԼǱʲôסһ㣬ֻǣȴһҲãһ仰Ҳ˵ 
ԣ˹ȥӵ 
ǣ֪ҪԼӵۣʱҲֻǾվһ 
ãг̾һת뿪 
ȴῪڣȻˣôҪߣ 
ס˶٣ת 
¶һ˿ɻ󣬵̱Ц˵ҿһ˰㡣 
ת¶һ˿ 
װûæ߽ȥ 
ϣ۾һԻ䣬ûп 
޾ʱ·һ֦ĳʵĽįâ¶û˿Σκ˿ȻˣȴΪû˽ʣѵõĴ״ۡ 
룺ҪʾͺˣȻᱻĽ˺ۣҲǺ° 
ϼͤվм䴩ȴ˵һ仰 
޲ֻĵԼ£żתͷһۣĿ 
վţȴеůԴԴĴ󴫹ůˣǾýࡣ 
ԭҲİ 
ŵİ͹¶İȫǲһġ 
ɫ޾еˣվ߽ˣЪЪɣͷ󡪡ôԶôԵ嵭ЩЪ˰ɡҲˡ 
תͷ޽ߵ΢ЦţůС 
ְѽ⿪ڿתҪߡ 
ȴ˴סıϣһ 
޳һȴǲҶֻôǽŵϴ̵¶ȣ̵Եʹ 
֪Ϊʲô֪ЩʲôֻǵΪӵΪʹĿ಻ԡ 





ڶʮ 


Ĺ֣ԼСĺţ뾪 
һİָڻԼ˫޳ϣץסƺˮ˲һеҪץסһ鸡ľץôüһ 
ʱĵϣȴַ·ƵУ˱Ǹֵƣû˿ĸı䣬Ϧһ˿һ̵ȴһļӰ 
Ų壬֡ 
ʱַ΢΢ƺҪ˵ʲô֮ǰڣƽᣬͬղŻߵ΢磺Ҷˣ𣿡 
סҪڵĿĵǸɵ¶һЦ⡣ 
Ե̾Ϣӽôܷߣƫ֪ǲģֻԼڣȴһ΢ЦţΪ 
嵭µʳ˾ϼţ޲Թɫܵúܣ֣߹үСⱾôôͨأ 
ֻˣ֪ΪΣЩʱ˵İãһ˿һܾҲûУֻ 
Упɬʹ 
ӼδһͿʼĿһֱǿѹ뿪ŷѾŻѪ޷Գ֡ 
δѾ̵ļڵһμʱ͸鶯ԸֻѣǲܹһġǣҲһһҪĺãĿһռô㲲԰׾ףôĵȻǴϻۼ͵δ빫ӣ֪׾˶ٲҵĥѿĹ 
ΪȻˣֻǵ˿ұ¶δ빫ӵĽݲ׵ͬ顣 
ֻܾһܰ 
һۣ۵ǲǴ̰βһֱ˻ 
𣿡 
΢Ĵعվߣ͹УȥЪϢ˰ɡ 
̧ͷĿת֪ʲô 
һᣬҡҡͷ 
Щżȴ֪˵ʲôãǴСүûҪοˡ 
һᣬῪڣϴ˵㰮ң𣿡 
һ״˿ôͻȻ˵һֱΪԶҲ顣 
ǲǣ 
޵ͷǣҰ㡣 
¶е̵ַЦݣһ죬Һ㣬㻹ᰮ𣿡 
룺ֻ֪֪ô롣 
˵֪뾡취 
𾪣ееԵȻ޳嶯һѱסʣ㵽ʲô飿 
һ˲Ǹů̵ĻĪİģ·ĵ׵Ĵ̱Ĩȥ¶۶۵ʹ 
ҾνǽڣôôֻѿҲ᲻̡ 
ûͷûԵһλ˵ôѹ̲ס 
Ȼ˵ˣֻǷ޼ϣһ 
޽׹ʣϲ𣿡 
ЩԻ̧ͷҲ֪ǰ飬Ϊʹ 
˵˵ˣȥЪţ˵òã 
Ҳ֪ԼЩһѹֱͷʵѹ֣ʵȫ޹أ֪ΪξȻĪƢ 
ǲΪ֪Ĭĳܣ 
ɵıЩǸĿ˵ͷ 
Ц㣿 
̲סЦ˾ô֪ʶȤ 





ڶʮ 


һڻ԰еɢ֣üͷƺʲôرĵһ㣬˶СںͷһԶĵط˵ 
ȷе㷳£ˡ 
ȻڶվͻָĲ࣬ƽ˵¶ԭӣһսȻͬǲܷģһֱڲ룬ʲô 
ôҵǵһο 
ǰôӵĹϵѾ˼ǵˣҲûгֹӣԽйȴԽʢ־ȻǸʱ򲻾ãǰء 
һء 
ȻôƣĻģ𾪡 
һǸҪɣô϶˵ĶȻǺԭίҲ׸ţǸʲôأ 
ûʵϣҲҪ˵˲źá 
ԼԽͰˡ 
ʲôأǸҲ˵ǣ˵Ѿ 
⻹У 
ͷˣǽι 
üͷ˰գ޳̾һڶԼͶˣҡ 
ʱȥ 


ڻʯ˷裬ɫγ΢㡣 
ֱûݣùүҲҪȥ͵飬ֻͷ֪ҲҪЦǡΪǸˣʲôˡ 
ȥһ 
ȥôˣƫƫָ֮¡ 
֪̾ƾôҲǵͶģ֪ʵǸʱѾһͿˡ 
ֻĸԸһҲԹ 
ţѾ˸ǰ޴Ըȥһ鶨γȥЩʲôˡ 
ǣ 
Կϵֻװ֪ﵹǿЦ˵ôֻ࣬һ䣺Щ֪ 
βŻش˸֣վߣ 
ƲƲ졣 
תȥͿԸŻܹүү 
һţ㻹ûиӣôҲܹܣ˼ҶҹҲˣ 
ԸЦ˵үǶСүˣūүأµ˺үôŻү 
һɵı濪üͷԸһţūɫ 
˵ţžߣƬ̶ȲƵġ 
Ųӯ泩ýշ԰ӻŽأոġ 





ڶʮ 


ڻȲ裬һ·̬У̬ˬ 
Цӭȥүˣһȥүأûүˡ 
̧۾¶һ˿Ц⣺ҿɲġ 
 
һԵɣͻȻ˵¹ٸү밲 
ôͻأһæת佫½ʷ磬ʱ˼ 
½ʷ翴ʮ㲣ʱݹӢ뺴,˭뵽ؾʱλʱǧɨϽ׼̽ȡĺӣݵֻʣһѹͷƺһҲܰȥ 
Ҳֲ 
ǰ߽ս£½ʷ˧Ѱ£±ܿ˭֪ƫƫ·ɱһҪһȥǵʥϵĻʵܣʥϱ˼Ƿ˧½ʷΪ˧ЭҲǷ½ʷ磬ųʲô¡˭֪ȻʮָãսҲСԣʲô¶ҪĲɡ˭Ҳû취˭ܴùү 
úõս¾Ǹˡ 
ʥŭ½ʷ಻ԣƫֱֲ˵ֱѹšȻ̶̵ӣ˾Ѿ˲֪Ȧ 
ң˵ʥϻҪͰ 
˿ЦҽصײľӵģɱҰүӡ 
еԻ󣬽˵ôôأģͷӣ䵱˵ʱ򣬸жԶܶԶûӵġ 
޲ĿʼЦһ᲻ɵıܿĿ⣬ͻȻ΢΢ô¶׵İɣ 
޻ع½ʷ۰Ͱ͵ԼأæɫβȻֻǣֻҲΪء 
½ʷһɫӻҰܡ 
üͷ 
æͣȥЩӣֻ鲻Ǻ˵ʵֹңǻҲ׵ģսʧӦģǣ룬ܳͰ𣿡 
ĬȻôһ˵ȻףǵӵʮһܣͻᣬƽղЩСʹϵҪβδ󽫾Ҳ޷Ǹ˼ȥǰƣЩֻû뵽˸ãøһͿء 
ֻĸ̫ںн׼ߵģҵȻʺɥ̫ӹ¿࣬ǱӺǻ̫ʮ̫ΪӣΨһĶӣȻǲܳͰġ 
ԣͰ½ʷͰ˭أ 
޿һۣﵹЩ˵ǰЩҵʥϳ˺üΣӿ䣬ֻʥϲʣһᵽʥϾͲôң˼αڣҲͲ˵ˡ 
üͷޣûô 
ﾭӵĿ⣬̾ǷҪˮˡ 
½ʷ˵½ŵùС 
½ʷôһ䣬֪ϣæүˣ¹ȻΨү֮Ǵӡ 
޵ͷˣںүϣСٲҪ뷨ˣһһܷۣŵùұ㲻Ҫ򿪣վϻʸʥо 
½ʷЩԥԥʱͷ½ʷӦ 
˵˼лǣЦԼȥɣһһӡ 
޼½ʷ˳ȥˣЦ£ 
ЦЦһۣû¾͵ߣ 
εЦһЦôᣬֻʡ 
һЦղſ㻹еү緶ôӾˣ˿Ц 





ڶʮ 


Զԣôݣ磬ǰвͨЩﻹóһ㣿 
ۣ緹ûϢأ½ʷô˼£Ҳ˼˯˾˵ææ 
˱˵ҶӦˣͷİɣȥЪȥɡ 
һۣףôǸˣѵʲô˵ģҿߣһͲء 
˵űԸҽ 
˽˵޵˵Žӻȥҽ⹧ˣһѳ͹ľͰˣź߶ֳɵġ 
ڳ˶Ŀɿڴȴû˸һʡ 
ȥһۣԼԸԱ߹Ѿͷ·ȥӷЪоȥ 
˵űҪߡ 
ֱ˴ʱ޲ڿϣæȥЦȥɣֻҷª㲻ߡ 
ߣ˵ʲôûãҾ͵ȥ㵽ײʲô 
һ㵽޷ɨһۣ˵Ҳûʲô³ 
˵ű㵹ϣǷˡ 
ΣȰͷ·˯ 
µļһ 
˵ô˵׻·ñСĵĸˣͷ߲ߣ۾Цˣͺãȥɣ˯ 
ֻóȥɻſڷ 
ǳһ? 
ʵǲףҲչ⾰ǻָĿء 
ͻȻЦһЦôģӱպ࣬ôѹҲˡ 
˹СźţԼȥ鷿ˡ 


ǲдأ⣬ҪСã֮ǷģȵдһѾȥˣͷ԰Щɫ͡ 
ϸĿһ飬ˣȴ͵͵һЦдˣơ 
漴һȵֽ漴뿪ϣȴֻ˲ȸоƲȥˡ 
תȥӣ۾ˣԵĿһ飬ϣüͷɻʣʲô˼һϣֻһתضûˣҪػǺأ 
Цүϸôһ۾¶ۡ 
˵ּݹȥ 
ȴֻЦÿ˵ 
޷ֻ˵ȻβѾǷģȻҲûӶ°պͳаٹٽ½ζ㲻㲻Ҳ֮ضɴ 
Ҳǳ͢ﳤģϴ˵ʱˣ˵й 
üͷⲽеգ˳ˮˡ 
˵ʵͼΣգŲų̂£ɣף˳̨̤ףʱȱȫֱȫ˳͢棬ǴһȻǼġ 
Űϸһ˵Ҫúÿүд¿ɺòá 
ЦԷǡ 
ϸϸ飬Цǰ£ȻֶΣȴϵ飬ֻ˵ָӲȾ͸Լ̨ˣͨƪһֲо͸ˣʱ˳̨ȻǰЧҲͰˡ 
ЦȻǵһθ飬ô 
һ취ûС 
ȻƽհҲûʲôãһҲûУֻЦ˵յүȹ˲ˣͨ˶ˡ 
͹ȥɣһȥϸǰţ˵ȥ 
޵ͷԸˣŶ˵Ҽǵ½ƺʮ׽үôôΪأ 
һۣǳ͢ʯسôԩδЩ̣ŹģȻѾ˿ˣˣҿ顣 
˵赭дȴ޸סˡ 
⻰ 
ôΪأ 





ڶʮ 


ڷѾ߳ȥˣ޻عæųȥ 
վŵ׷Ҳó˰ɣ 
ޱ˵үҪԵʲôҷԸŪ 
ЦЦҪҲŪ 
ЦҪԣҾȥһɷ 
Ц˵˵ҲǸֻģҳŪͰˡ 
޻û˵ͷŵԸЦүлϸմ͵ĴзҸȥˣִַ󣬲гһ˸ү 
Цûͽūţ߳Ҳذѡ˲źá 
ٲȻӵģ 
ԸҲԣȤǣү˵з͵óԭζģԼȤأմӺԺٳһ̳ӼŮ죬үúү԰ȾƳз͹أūͷԸȥ 
˵ţһȥˡ 
Цҵūŵء 
Цǰûڱ˼￴ˡ 
˵Ц԰ȥȻʢҶӲһƬ԰˱ǣĿ 
зǼõģҲǼõģмС˺͵ģʮ⡣ 
ֻмֻ겻ᣬżû˵ĻЩ죺үյʲôأѵĳүɣ 
޻عæЦүˣʲô»Ҫء 
ȻʮãҲûע⵽ֻ˵һ룬ֻǰһۣҲ֪Щʲô£ô겻ġңλϾЩˡ 
һʱˣεһЦҲû˵ʲô 
ѵܸѾѡˣ 
һЦ˵ǿҵء 
ֻֻѾܺˣ޲ġ 
Ȼ֪תЩͷֻЦ˵ 
޸һȻע˵ʮġ 
˰գǷޱ㿴ʱ䣬ЦҲˣүЪ˰ɣ 
ͷһ޷ȥ 
Ѿ߷ϴЦүίЪһˣҪʲôֻܽˣҾڶ᷿ 
˵žҪߣŭү 
תͷüĿһſףɵļȻүôˣ 
үȻǸأȻôӭңαôأ˵Щ˵Щ 
ǰ磬ӢҲŪΪʲôͻȻǵôδôӣǰ۾ķ·ŷɽһ㣬ȴ˿΢Цģһĺöء 
ôͻȻôأ 
Ĳء 
˵ȣֻǳȻûа˿ʾǻϽԼĶʹ˾Ȼ޶ԡ 
ĲɵĻ˵ֻ̾ߡ 
һʱˣһ˼ץס 
Ŀ֣֣ 
޲ҷţô˺үҪȥأ 
Цүˣ߳ȥȻҲеطȥģͷүġ 
˵ôأĪȫԼǵôŭ 





ڶʮ 


ǲףȴҵֻЦү˵ﻰҶֻµ˺үء 
һĹĵϡ 
Щ޴룬ȫ֪ô¡ 
ǼѾͷ鲻ԣ͵͵ˣʮĹš 
һۣôɵվţһ˻˵⹧үʴϻۣ˼磬˭ʲô֪ɽȴеľã˼ֱǸ 
ֻǡ 
֪ΪΣЩִٵվһߣãȻСﾹͷ·˱ˮһʲôûˣֻƽղͬɵӵҲʮֿɰ 
մûأүķ㣬ڳ¶Ǽҫ۵ģָ߰ʣ͸Ǳ˷ӭ˵ģҲһ㣬Ǹʱ죬ҲòǸʵ 
ھȫͬġ 
ôͷԵӣǿɰء 
ǹһ˿ЦݣɵŪ˼ 
ֻзȥˡ 
յжһ飬Խ뵹ԽŹ֣һҲû뵽Լôǵ 
ֻʮֹŹ֣·˸һ㡣 
һ̧ͷȥȴ֪ʱѾŭɫԺЦһ˫۾мԼĽƻȴǿġ 
˹иǸˣָͷ 
ûгɣ˹ȥʲô 
û˵꣬һתѾ˴ϣǸ˻ѹ 
޴һæֻѾʧȻεѹסЦҶ 
ܵӡ 
үʲôء 
ôԽɰˣЦ˵ʲôүˡ 
˵Ѿ䡣 
ɻ󣺡죿ǺүſңȻǻүġ 
ЦͷһҪȴʱˣǺ޵ֿĳȥ 
ſҪﻹ־Ȼεİڴͷˣ޲ɵ˵үǡ 
촽յߣȻǡ 
ʣµĻʧˣֻһůʪ漴һ˫ָ 
ĺҹȵĿиҪ屳ޱķ֣弫ȿѹϵǸǸ˫֣岻Ĵ֮һͿУȫ΢ 
̫ˣȻһʲôˣʲô벻ˣӵţеһּҪϲҸ 
·һУûбڸʱˣֻϣʱʹֹͣҲҪк˼ʱ䡭 
İУ޽üӵĿУһЦͷ޶˵ҪҪҲһΡ 
С˺ˣױôİҲó̺죬Щ˼Ĳ޵ļϿҧ 
һΪԼȥ 
ȴȥôҲ̧ 
ޱùģʱ֪ΪΣȴǲãҪ̧ͷ 
һڻǱ̧ͷ 
գв٣ϴŵΣԽ޿רע۹·Ҫһ㣬һЦͷҪȥ 
ûз֣˫ףճյš 
Щ 
޾пʼһʹǡ 
˵ǲֻһˣ 





ڶʮ 


ǲֻǷһˣ 
ȫţǣǰ޵ղƺֻ˵һƽĻѣ仰˼ɡ 
οԼһֱڣԼ˱һԼûиɫǲһֻԼףȴҲǲ֪ġ 
οǽգԼҲǲ̫ء 
ôһ룬ȻˣֻΪԼҪծأοǸղԼҲôɷӣôҲӦõġ 
ڣôҲðѻ˵Щ 
һ߾ЦЦ˵ҿɲ˼ӻôأ 
޷֣۾Ҽǵþˡ 
סˡ 
һʱûбĸоȻֻǾľ˵ʲô˼ 
Ϊʲô˵Ĳһ 
Ϊ޽ջϲûӵſʢŵЦգ۵ǣΪǴӴ˻ģ 
ǣȫбֶͬ 
º͵ģòȫʲôӦǰСƺһ㣬ǡ 
ƺһֱڶ 
Խˣһʼڴȥ䲻˵ȴһֱǸ˼Ǹղŵ繲࣬ҲԼ͵Ϯġ 
ԽԽòԣ˵㵽ôˣ 
޵˵ү˵ʲôأô 
˵㡭 
޽ضĻȻһģҼǵûǷźүһأڻҲһ׮£ 
۾ԡ 
׵Ĵסˡ 
͵ıƭıѵĸоӿǵķ죬ҧ´һԲʼ· 
޾ţ۾ 
˿˲õģǾͲȫʹܡ 
¡´ţ 
治˰ա 
ֱ̧סףֻҹĿԽıˡ 


ҹأɱ·Ծɱҹɫ͸˼͸ģղź޼ҲĹ̵ӾȻô׵Ŀٵȴ䵽䡭 
·Ǳһˮ޷ı䡣 
ԭνİȻƭ˵أΪʲôҪ˿̲ţ 
ʮ˲̳ʵѾˣʮ˲δݵĵطδ롷֪鲻˺Ľڣǳ˺ɡ 
ΪʲôԼ󳹴 
ΪʲôΪԼǲͬģΪǸǲͬġ 
ʵʲôͬأ 
ˣ 
Ҳûʲôͬء 
Щů֮յ´棬Ĺеգֺͼ΢Цŵİı飬Ĳˡ 
ЦʱʱôеӣʵǺİɡ 
ԼǸɵأȻôȻΪôΪôĵȰ˵Լԭֿԣ˼Ҹ顣 
ģ뵽ԼԼԲԼɵϡ 
˼ôôǲǾʹࣿ 
֪ͣסŲվڷУҧгݡ 
ΪޣΪԼѾʲôˣ˵ֻСүʲôˣ 
̫ίˣڼ˺ü죬ͨˣΪ޻ܳӵñȻʵۻҪҪ 
˵ڼʱ뵽̲סǣ鼫á 
û뵽㲻㣬һ˲䲻ȵӾѾܲˣǶôԶô 
ʱ˵ڣ׽ǺĴҪȥӣջ𣬲ôҲסˣǡ 
ǣ󻹾ô˵ 
޵ĲûѪڸǰҧһ 
Խˣ絶һ˵ϣĲҪ 
үү 
ܼԸͷȻûɵһϲһǺˣҪߺߣβúõĶû㷨ԼŲɫء 
һűתȥԸܹһѩ׵Ĵë磬ЦүϷүºү˷磬а͸үá 
˵žҪźϡ 
Ķסˣɵɵվϡ 
ֱůϣ͵ĻعһְץתߣԽԽ죬ֱһ 
ըˣޣ 
ԭ޾ȻҪֻЩҪ 
ߣҪľôˣҲͲˣ 





ʮ 


ҹԽˣĻԽˣһ뵽Ǹ쵰ԼˣתԼǰʱƤ伫ʲôûԼĿ˻ 
Ҫ˵ףþͺãþͰˣӴ·ˣҲûйϸɲҪĪİϷ 
ʵ˵ǸڳЩĪӣ˽ȴǼˬʼ󷽵ģһ᲻ͷˮһȥ档 
޽Ϊˡ 
޴Сڹгӱ˲֪˶٣ʮֿʱ΢Цӣ겻䣬ʲô鶼ֱ飬·˸ߣ˽ȴ֪Щʲô 
ܾú˵رСģ²֪Ȧȥˡ 
ʱ޲ùЦƤǲƤµ׳ʲôӡ 
ֻǵʱΣۣҲӽ 
˺¼֮СĽӽԼȴһ㶯ҲûУĵ治֪˶ɻĻ̫ȫ͸ 
֪Щʲô֪ĿģŬһпԣƫƫû뵽ࡣ 
ֻ踺أʲôȥ֪ڽʲôıֱ 
ֱһҹʱ޷·ʧȥһڰĵ׵ͷ˵˳һоȻ˿ԭԭ򰡡 
һˬʣȵ˵˸ףǷģȻʼ 
޾Ҳ˽װ׵ģΪӱܣû뵽ȻֻǷġ 
ôŹֵС͵ԭ˿õɳ˶ࡣ 
޵İ鲢ûиѹĵһʧʲôˣοֻǾԼûҪʲô 
ֻǡ 
Ҳδ̫ûҪ˰ɣ 
ҧгݣôԼˣ˻ƴİƣʵ˻ 
ʵԥȻԥԭȫûôһģһ֮ûţô˻ס 
ԼûʼأȾԼĵ׵δ룬֪𺳣Լ鶼һȥˣֻһ˼Ŀδ룬˼ѵĻʹԼҲɵΪۡ 
ŬҪҪõԼҸżԼҲԳ治֪ԼôģȻ˴󷽣ûΪԼǹ 
ֻǣΪδ۵ʱԼȻɵ 
ǸûиѹֻǾΪһУˡ 
ңҪǣԼϲָо 
ģһҲûų⣬ڴҲˣԼһС 
ʱͻȻһֿܵסδĵջ󣬻ΪǻԼ˵䣬Ϊ޵ůͰ 
ǸʱĲǲмġ 
Щ죬ףڻŪԼ˷͸оҪʲôһ㡭 
ԼԸһģԼϲԼůĸоϲΪԼЩ飬ϲʱΪԼĻϲʱ򡭡 
ʱ򣬻м㡭 
ǣڷǳϲ̬ȡ 
ǵҪ˵׵Ļ 
ȻҪߣΪʲôҪôתӣô˳ӣһûУԵһ仰û 





ʮһ 


һ·ҧгݳ޵ķ䣬Ǹղ뿪ʱǸӣ·ȫûжһڴϣôٶصĽŲЩ죬ʶ΢΢תͷ۽ʲôһ 
ûü˼˿תͷȥһס 
ʱû˼ˣֻŭ죬ȸղųʱҪŭ 
ղ·ϻ߻һ˿ԼϣѾֻʣŭˡ 
쵰 
ӵϣ⵽ʲô˼ 
ҧһԡ 
޻˵滰˵ٻȴ˵ 
֪ղ˵Ǿ仰Ѿ֪ŬֻǾ仰Ѿþȫﻹ˵Ļ 
֪Ӹ߰Լ˵һԹֵĻתߣͣǣ˵ԼѾôŬ˻˵һЩѾ絶ʣô˵óڣ 
ֻҧһԣҲ 
ӵ䣬ܲ˵ģȻҲˡ 
Ҳ˵ҲȻŭֻǲ֪ΪΣԼµʲô˼ɸɴҲˣȴĸ죬˵ϣ˵ף 
Ǹģֱȶ 
ȴ۾Ҳûһ£һ 
ܹЩʲôʱЦֺٰãǰ޵ʵ̫ 
˵㰮ҶǷƨ𣿡 
дϼּڽǶҲǶԼ 
ֻʹľԭΪԼѾʹޣô˵Ļܸʹϼ֣Ȼʹ֫彥ľֻжޱȡ 
侲Ϊʲô㲻ЩӶأΪʲôƫƫҪҷҲʼϲʱ򣿡 
һѼ⵶ϣʹļû˺ 
ԭģԼȻо񣬹Ȼǿ׵ģǡʱȴޱϣǰٴɫǲͷҪǸӣԼܷĵߣѵľ룬ĬĬ΢ЦٵľɥãȻʱ̸һůӵ˵·˵ʱʣϣˣǡ컯Ūˣ΢ĩĿҲʵ֣̬ȵĸıҲ޷ѵߣնϹϵֻܺƿ 
ֻڿʼϲѣ˵ıȽصֻ𣬲Ǹ顣 
˵ֻԼΨһֵҵ顣 
ΪʲôҪı䣿Ϊʲô΢һϵҲܱ֣ 
Ϊʲôջصԭ㣬ȴһҪˣ 
ûд𻰣͵ķŭĲɽΪĻүȻ߳¹תأ¹ٵǸʰ·ˡ 
ҶողſʼҶһлء 
˴ڴ΢·һ˵¹ٸǡ 
޲ɵ۾ 
޻۾͵ˣͫԭһ԰׶ƽͻȻŤ·顣 
ûüԾͷҲת㱻͵ĴӴԾ𣬽˵ڵϣ漴ǰӹһ۵ıĹ⣬漴ǽ 
ʧʹ 
ҽС 
⴫ҵıĽŲ 
˴æݡ 
ѹ£һҲҶֻȵѪ͸ʹҲѪ͸ģ͸۾ǰһƬֻ۾Ҳε飬ޱȣ·̽ 
ԺȻļǵһϢǸʱǴʧѪ˼㱣ô˵˿ڣ֪ңֺαء 





β 


糯߳ţͬź˼䣬ԼĽӣڷԸȥ 
ֱȻؼһȻ 
Ҳϰߣ̧˽Ӿߡ 
үǻ׵ܵܣǳеһ֮ˣۡǻϴ͵ģʹԶ޵ĸߴֺ룬̻ԻͣĽӽŲûͣһ·̧ţͣ 
ܼԸ֪ͨˣѾ˵ӭʱͣˣǰӣЦү糯ˣ 
ǹֺõӣ·ⶨһ㡣 
ҲˣҲÿɫЩūŵĸúúźء 
˽Σʣүʲôأ 
һ˵ţ·ߡ 
Ը󣬳û״Ҫߺүأүһ緹ҲϳԣҩҲԣ͸Ǹ̸֪ЩʲôûүķԸūȻǲʵģֻôҪ£үҲôȳ˶ҩ˵ǰūŲȰֻźүȰȰүˡ 
˵һӿŲ޷ȥ 
ǰ޷оһζгĴ̿Ͱɱ棬ΣǴ̿ͼ֣ɹǱ޵ԷҪ֮ʣ޿Σ֮ʱһԾ˵Լ˴һɥ 
ԷһҪǽϱǴо綾ģɻʵ׵ܡү͢λѺųҽֵүͣүѶϢǰһϽ飬űס޵ 
ʵ۲㶪˵ܵܣΪŭѾ̲Ѳ飬ư 
ֻƼأȻסҲԴ𣬲ܶΪֹڴѾаˣû 
֪ƢǸǻʲô˼ȻƵĲˣ뷨ء 
ߣԼڣҲ롣 
ɱҲ֣˵ɱԼأﲻ֣ȻǱ֣˵ɱޣôȴǶأ 
ĪǣҪ޻ޣ 
ޱǳĶͷԼڹȻٿĪ磬˭ 
һʯ񣬼ƲǺõģҲǹȻء 
ңɹء 
ת˼ŵ˭ôֱʣ 
մɱʱĪ²ѣûȥ˼ǺǸʱûӣҲ£пȥЩ 
Ȼһٱ֤ѾסôһϢ΢ļоӣôܷŵֻһǣʲô벻ˡ 
˽գ˽ʼˣҩˣڷģʼЩ߰ˡ 
һһ̤޵ң̸һʱֹͣ˽̸Ϻˣ£ǽмӹӢͦס 
£ûֻæʹ˸ɫˡ 
ȥ˵ʲô 
۾תתЦҽȥΰɱ˭Ǿɵɡ 
ͷ⵹ǣҸղŻ룬һҪɱȻ޻㣬ͬʱͷ϶һ˽˶ԹмŸðôա 
üͷҲô룬ûĿ꣬໨㹦Ҳòó 
ĵͷѴͷŵȵҩݸҩ 
һ㡣 
治ףôһˣԵҩôѵӣôȥ 
ǰô߹ݵˣЦҲԴȻģƫƫҩͳƻһſһš 
е㡭Цأ 
ֻٺЦҲûЦֻǰףȣ 
ЦҪģȷˣ׼˵Ⱥҩ 
ǷʩˣƫƫȴҲԸľͲ˵ֻǿĿȴЦԼת 
ȻǱѹӣȴޱȿģôľôһ죬ʵ̫ҸˣҲˣʹȴ泩ġ 
ο 
޾Ѿȥء 
Ϊʱǽʱ򣬸ȥͯӸǿıԵ΢΢ƫһ֣Ҳһ֣ȻֽⶾԼҲŲʱ 
Ȼش¾ͯ˵Ǽ°ա 
ĥѾȥˡ 
޻ȸԾÿһնÿޱȡ 
ֻ黹ûʵڲ֪ݣ֪һʮġ 
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̧ͷվڴǰüͷҩҪȥɵЦӹȥ 
ԼԼƣĻʲôϵѾʮֵİˡ 
ںȥüͷչ࣬һ߾ǺĹһŵתҪߡ 
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һʱбյ˾ٶ˵ôأһҪﻹյȥ 
ԡѪʱû뵽ԼȻ³Ǹӣ֪Լϵûˣֻ¡Լȥµĸεѣµֻǲͣķ 
ӢĶʲôʱôǱ 
ȫΪһ 
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˵ȵȣȥ 
æ˵ȥʲôʲôԽ˷Ըˡ 
ƲƲ죺ʲôԣΪҺһû緹ô 
˵ţתȥˡ 
ްβ˼ЦĿˡ 
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һѩ׵࣬Сˣģʮ嵭ģ塣 
ޱ죺ҶˣҳԲҶӣҲưô 
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ԽֻЦע˺ƺЩء 
ǣӵȴӲĳһ 
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Ȧء 
Ҳûʲôϵһʵʮڸ˵ģûѹûţƢãֻ뷽跨Լˡ 
ʵô籦ô᲻أ 
֪ʶȤԸ߹󣬺һ 
ҡȻɵ΢΢ĺڴҲǸܺõءǳȵĽӵǿӲļ飬ǰûо߷塭 
 
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żֲʳӣͻȻôôɰأ̽ôǿĶռǾǿɰ 
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ҪЦż˵ģޣǡ 
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ע⵽ˣȻ˼˿ʱûϣǲ֣ʾο 
Щ 
Ը͵͵ǵɫֻӲͷƤ飺үղźү˵˿ˣʺүʲôʱȥ 
ܻ֮Ͼ裬ǰȥ밲ģĹܼǶô򷢣ĵ٣ʣʲôˣ 
Ըص󸮹ܼ˵һλǺүľʶδ롣 
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˶һȻԾȻǲͬġ 
΢ЦδתǺϢأϲ 
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ûע⵽ֻվż˷ܶԸ˵˱Ρ 
ֶһЦЪţȻȥˡ 
Ҳ˵̧Ⱦߣﻹʱ䷢ɫ 
ԸǷˣֻǲ˵ֻǰ˼ͶȥҸڲȻ֪ôأԼɫǱ̫ѿˡ 
۰ͰͿ߳ȥİңǾҪĻֻ˵˸ͷȴûطš 
һһδ룬ģֱ۾ͷųʲôˣʱȥˡ 
㲻ϵ飬ѵ˲ɣ 
ԽԽԼôûַӦأ󲿷ʱףԶĿ 
Ȼ࣬ȴҲֻǵģʱйϲ˷أǽôãƫƫָƻˣǸʶóԸ 
δ룬ߣ 
Ƕ˲ôҲͷ۰ɡ 
뵽޶Լʵ͸ˣһ޷޲ƽ˭֪˭£ᡣ 
ԽԽԼ࣬뵽ʱһںǸδѱԻƣɴ൹ȥ˯ 
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԰ 
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ûлشֻһ˫۾Եˡ 
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ȴЦݣԼʮãҲͺ޵ɫǹ޷ţһ˵ޣδ룬ҵĺѣ棬ǣ˳ҡ 
һֶδЦˣ㾡ɣôСֵģǣʲô˲ôҲӰˡ 
˵ȴǴЦ⣬ʮܡ 
࣬ҪԼȲˣҪǰȣ治֪ʲôģֻǰһֱˣһʱҪֻǲ˵ǣݺݵĵδ롣 
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δ԰һ֣ʱҪ˵ʮȻ΢΢ͷһַֻһϣЦⰻȻ 
δ뱾翴޵ĵ⣬Ҳ³Եʣǲֻõ⣬ʱ˵䣬ôȻٶ˿̵ǹġ 
Ȼɫ˼֣δ벻ɾúЦ۾ббһ˸۷ȥ 
ûҭ 
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ֶһ仰˵ֻǿͷϷ 
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ԼûʱӦúӲƫͷȥģƫƫľͻشǰͣһ˿ 
Ĵߣϴһ˿Ц⣬۾գҲգĶ޶Ҫ˼ 
˺ð죬ڿڣѵõЦ⣺Դˣ 
ʲô 
۾ˣԽԽŨЦ⣬ȻǳԴףѵڲŷ 
˵Ҷûãƽվ㶼󷽵ģ뵽ôأղδҳȥ˵һأûϵģôƫƫҪĴء 
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ı飬ԽҲᣬˣ˿̸ɴѶͷĶϣЦδõѣеѶҪ 
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˵Ъһӣҳȥкˡ 
һ߸ӣҪȥסͷӻô 
ͷи쵰 
ף 
ҪʸЦļܳĹ£˿㡣УȻȥˣδվҪߵģҽͲˡ 
޾᲻á 
ʮʱҲ᲻á 
ֻҲ˵Ļֻ۰ͰͿ 
ˣЦ̾ɸһ£ЩϢúţǵóҩĵˡ 
ֻ߳ȥ 
ʵѾˡ 
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ζ㡣 
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ޡޡ 
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½Ҳ㡣 
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΢ЦĶǸж 
лӦİ˹ȴǰáԴɫŨҵϲá 
ʣ 
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